6-8 Science

Old Orchard Beach Learning Results/ 6-8

Science

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6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will develop an understanding of the laws, theories and processes of science.

Performance Indicators

Assessment Strategies

6-8 relate concepts learned in science to their everyday lives

� (6-8) identify ways in which the metric system is used in our lives

� (6) recognize that the traits of an individual are inherited from its biological parents

� (6) recognize that genetic technology has led to the development of varieties of plants and breeds of animals

� (6) recognize that various body systems interact with each other (i.e. nervous and endocrine systems)

� (6) recognize that reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species

� (6) recognize the consequences of drug abuse

� (7) recognize the value of immunization

� (7) reduce chances of contracting disease by improving hygiene practice

� (7) observe safety precautions during electrical storms

� (7) recognize contributions of selected scientists that impact our lives directly

� (8) recognize common acids and bases and their reactions

� (8) recognize personal responsibility for care of the environment

� (8) identify how local geology affects the lives of Mainers

� (8) identify the ways in which simple and compound machines are useful in our everyday lives

� (8) describe the importance of clean water to life and identify some human behaviors that affect water quality

6-8 identify science/technology related careers/job titles

� (6) identify chemist, meteorologist, geneticist, breeder

� (7) identify marine biologist, bacteriologist, physicist, nuclear physicist, electrical engineer

� (8) identify ecologist, botanist

6-8 describe relationships among forces, machines, and work

� (8) define equations relating force, distance, work, and power

� (8) solve word problems for work and power

� (8) identify the 6 simple machines

� (8) calculate the mechanical advantage of simple machines

� (8) identify friction as a force providing resistance

� (8) describe the effects of friction on the efficiency of a machine

� (8) identify the work input and output of a machine and calculate its efficiency

6-8 distinguish among different forms of energy

� (8) name and give examples of at least 8 forms of energy

� (8) describe the relationship between potential and kinetic energy

� (8) illustrate the relationship between potential and kinetic energy and identify Pmax and Kmax

6-8 explain some characteristics/uses of magnetism and electricity

� (7) explain causes of magnetism

� (7) diagram magnetic field interaction between 2 bar magnets

� (7) build and evaluate electromagnets

� (7) distinguish between conductors and insulators

� (7) explain why some liquids conduct electricity better than others

� (7) define current, resistance, and voltage and identify units used to measure them

� (7) state Ohm�s Law and solve for an unknown quantity

� (8) state the charge found on the electrons in atoms

6-8 distinguish among elements, compounds, and mixtures

� (6) recognize that elements are the building block for compounds

� (6-8) identify compounds as combinations of elements that are chemically joined

� (6-8) identify the elements in a given chemical formula

� (6-8) identify mixtures as combinations of materials not chemically joined

� (6) recognize that solutions are mixtures

� (6) distinguish between the solute and solvent in a solution

� (8) distinguish different types of mixtures (solutions, colloids, emulsions, and suspensions) from one another based on characteristics

� (8) define solute, solvent, and solution

� (8) identify examples of solutions, colloids, emulsions, and suspensions

� (8) define and distinguish among four types of chemical reactions (redox, synthesis, decomposition, replacement)

� (8) identify the type of reaction represented by a given equation and describe the changes that occurred

6-8 describe atomic structure

� (6) recognize that atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons

� (6) describe the basic model of an atom

� (7) build a model of an atom of a selected element

� (7) identify the 3 major subatomic particles including their charges and locations in the atom

� (7) describe the evolution of atomic models

� (7) determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels for a given element using the Periodic Table

6-8 use the Periodic Table as a resource

� (6) recognize that elements are organized into groups (i.e. metals, gases)

� (6) recognize that elements are represented by symbols

� (6) identify the symbols for common elements

� (7) determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels for a given element using the Periodic Table

� (7) classify elements as metals, non-metals, or metalloids

� (7) locate element symbols

� (7/8) use the Periodic Table to identify the family/group to which a specific element belongs and state the element�s general characteristics

� (8) use the Periodic Table to determine reactivity of substances in replacement reactions

6-8 recognize that substances undergo changes of state

� (6) identify 3 states of matter

� (6) identify freezing point and boiling point for water

� (6) define melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation

� (7) describe freezing/boiling point for a substance

� (7) identify different phases of substances

� (7) explain "absolute zero" and state its number

6-8 identify geological features/processes of the earth

� (7) identify continental shelf, continental slope, and abyssal plains

� (8) identify 3 forms of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)

� (8) describe the rock cycle

� (8) identify rocks as mixtures of minerals

� (8) use the hardness scale and scratch test to identify minerals

� (8) identify the major layers of the earth and their characteristics

� (8) distinguish among convergent, divergent, and transverse faults

� (8) define diastrophism

� (8) define subduction and explain how it affects the spreading of the sea floor

6-8 describe types of weathering and erosion

� (8) compare the processes of weathering and erosion

� (8) identify the roles of weathering and erosion in the rock cycle

6-8 describe effects of gravity

� (6/8) distinguish between mass and weight

� (8) recognize that gravitational pull (and weight) vary with the distance between masses

6-8 distinguish among waves, tides, and currents

� (7) identify the parts of a wave

� (7) explain what happens to waves as they approach the shore

� (7) describe causes and directions of deep and surface currents

� (7) explain the influence of the sun and moon on the magnitude of earth�s tides

� (7) identify the cause of tsunamis

6-8 explain the water cycle and water sources

� (8) explain the water cycle

� (8) define ground water, aquifer

� (8) describe water�s unique characteristics that make it necessary for life

� (8) identify some human behaviors that affect water sources

6-8 identify factors that determine weather and climate

� (6) describe how the position of the earth, relative to the sun, causes seasons

� (6) identify the role of the water cycle in climate patterns

� (6) recognize the causes of winds

� (6) identify 3 main types of clouds

� (6) identify the 4 types of precipitation

� (6) describe characteristics of thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes

� (8) describe how climate differs from weather and relate this to major biomes

6-8 identify living and non-living components of different ecosystems

� (6) identify major biomes

� (6) identify major characteristics of biomes

� (6) identify food webs in given biomes

� (7) describe zonation of living things in the ocean

� (7) construct a food web for the ocean off the coast of Maine

� (7) explain how organisms have adapted to salinity, light, temperature, and pressure in their environments

� (8) given a group of conditions (biotic and abiotic), explain food web/energy pyramid

� (8) explain the functions of saprophytes in the environment

� (8) describe the water cycle and its effects on living/non-living components in ecosystems

� (8) summarize the basic characteristics of plants and their place in the energy pyramid

� (8) summarize the abiotic factors that affect the success of organisms

6-8 describe/identify common plants, animals, and relationships within ecosystems

� (7) identify common organisms in the intertidal zone

� (8) define saprophytes

6-8 compare life cycles, structures, and behaviors of different organisms

� (7) describe lifestyles of marine organisms (plankton, nekton, benthos)

� (8) name the 5 kingdoms, identify the defining characteristics and give examples of each kingdom

� (8) define characteristics of chordates and vertebrates

� (8) identify animals classified as vertebrates

� (8) identify major plant groups based on structural and reproductive characteristics

� (8) describe the evolution of plant structure

6-8 describe structures and functions of plant and animal cells

� (6) recognize that all living things are composed of at least one cell

� (6) identify the nucleus as the control center of a cell

� (6) recognize that cells [continually] divide to make more cells for growth and repair

� (7) explain diffusion, osmosis, and active transport

� (7-8) identify major cell organelles and describe their functions

� (7-8) explain how the processes of mitosis and meiosis are used by the cell

� (7-8) summarize the fundamental differences between plant and animal cells

� (8) explain cell theory (history and major tenets)

� (8) compare asexual and sexual reproduction

6-8 describe structures and functions of some body systems

� (6) identify parts and functions of the nervous system

� (6) identify major glands of the endocrine system

� (6-7) identify structures and functions of male and female reproductive systems

� (7) describe changes that occur during puberty

� (7) label major tissues of immune system

� (7) explain how viruses attack the body

� (7) describe an immune response

� (7) explain what happens in an autoimmune disorder

� (8) name and describe the major body systems (as they relate to the evolution of basic body structure)

6-8 explain the influence of heredity, lifestyle, and the environment on the body systems

� (6) identify common effects of drugs on the body

� (6) identify common causes of mutations

� (6) recognize that the traits of an individual are inherited from its biological parents

� (6) recognize that some behavior patterns are inherited while other behavior patterns are learned

� (8) research a specific genetic disorder and describe how it affects an individual�s life

� (8) discuss (based on class research) the individual and social effects of various genetic issues (i.e. selective breeding, cloning, mutations)

� (8) understand that certain lifestyle choices can cause genetic mutations

Top

6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will employ critical thinking while conducting scientific inquiry, clearly communicating ideas and making informed decisions.

Performance Indicators

Assessment Strategies

6-8 use multiple resources to gather information

� (6) research a given topic using at least 3 different types of sources

� (7) research physical, psychological and social impact of the user/abuser of a specific illegal substance

� (8) complete 2 comprehensive research projects that employ the Internet, periodicals, books, and mass media (TV/video/newspaper)

to find information

� (8) use various resources, other than textbooks, to complete assignments

6-8 design and execute a controlled experiment

� (6-8) complete lab activities which determine the hypothesis and design (materials and methods) of an experiment

� (6-8) collect and analyze data from lab activities

� (6-8) formulate conclusions from lab activities

� (6-8) review experimental process and describe what worked well and what didn�t

6-8 identify the factors that influence the validity of a conclusion

� (6) recognize that a valid experiment has only one variable

� (7) critique peers� experimental procedure

� (7) critique results of peers� experiments

� (8) identify factors that might affect the data/outcome of an experiment and describe how the experiment might be affected

Top

6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will use appropriate tools, equipment and instruments.

Performance Indicators

Assessment Strategies

6-8 follow safety procedures and precautions

� (6-8) demonstrate proper handling of equipment

� (6-8) name and explain use of safety equipment

� (6-8) wear safety glasses when appropriate

� (6-8) observe location of safety equipment including eye wash, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, exits

� (6-8) discuss and observe all safety precautions necessary to an activity

� (6-8) exhibit appropriate and safe behavior/attitude while conducting experiments

� (6-8) explain steps to follow in case of an accident during an experiment

6-8 determine quantities and/or properties of materials through the use of measurement devices, techniques, and/or calculations

� (6-8) determine appropriate tool and/or unit of measurement to use for collecting data

� (6-8) use metric measurement

� (6) calculate volume of liquids, mass, distance, force, pH, weight

� (7) calculate volume of solids (regular and irregular], density, cell identification

� (8) calculate mechanical advantage, efficiency of machines

6-8 create and/or interpret maps, charts, and graphs

� (6-8) collect data, create and interpret graphs and charts using multiple forms of information

� (7-8) use data to generate graphs and charts and interprets them to form conclusions

6-8 demonstrate safe and correct use of measuring devices/indicators such as the following:

� (6) triple-beam balance, litmus paper, pH paper, liquid pH indicators, trundle wheel

� (8) PTC paper, pH meter (?)

� (9) dial thermometer, protractor (?)

[CPLS & LS II] � IKI, Benedict�s solution

[HS IV � BIO] clinometer, hypsometer

6-8 demonstrate safe and correct use of scientific tools and equipment such as the following:

� (6) hot plate

� (7) microscope, van de Graf generator, laboratory equipment (i.e. ring stands)

Top

Back to 6-8 Learning Results
Back to OOB Learning Results

6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will develop an understanding of the laws, theories and processes of science.

Performance Indicators	Assessment Strategies
6-8 relate concepts learned in science to their everyday lives
� (6-8) identify ways in which the metric system is used in our lives
� (6) recognize that the traits of an individual are inherited from its biological parents
� (6) recognize that genetic technology has led to the development of varieties of plants and breeds of animals
� (6) recognize that various body systems interact with each other (i.e. nervous and endocrine systems)
� (6) recognize that reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species
� (6) recognize the consequences of drug abuse
� (7) recognize the value of immunization
� (7) reduce chances of contracting disease by improving hygiene practice
� (7) observe safety precautions during electrical storms
� (7) recognize contributions of selected scientists that impact our lives directly
� (8) recognize common acids and bases and their reactions
� (8) recognize personal responsibility for care of the environment
� (8) identify how local geology affects the lives of Mainers
� (8) identify the ways in which simple and compound machines are useful in our everyday lives
� (8) describe the importance of clean water to life and identify some human behaviors that affect water quality

6-8 identify science/technology related careers/job titles
� (6) identify chemist, meteorologist, geneticist, breeder
� (7) identify marine biologist, bacteriologist, physicist, nuclear physicist, electrical engineer
� (8) identify ecologist, botanist

6-8 describe relationships among forces, machines, and work
� (8) define equations relating force, distance, work, and power
� (8) solve word problems for work and power
� (8) identify the 6 simple machines
� (8) calculate the mechanical advantage of simple machines
� (8) identify friction as a force providing resistance
� (8) describe the effects of friction on the efficiency of a machine
� (8) identify the work input and output of a machine and calculate its efficiency

6-8 distinguish among different forms of energy
� (8) name and give examples of at least 8 forms of energy
� (8) describe the relationship between potential and kinetic energy
� (8) illustrate the relationship between potential and kinetic energy and identify Pmax and Kmax

6-8 explain some characteristics/uses of magnetism and electricity
� (7) explain causes of magnetism
� (7) diagram magnetic field interaction between 2 bar magnets
� (7) build and evaluate electromagnets
� (7) distinguish between conductors and insulators
� (7) explain why some liquids conduct electricity better than others
� (7) define current, resistance, and voltage and identify units used to measure them
� (7) state Ohm�s Law and solve for an unknown quantity
� (8) state the charge found on the electrons in atoms

6-8 distinguish among elements, compounds, and mixtures
� (6) recognize that elements are the building block for compounds
� (6-8) identify compounds as combinations of elements that are chemically joined
� (6-8) identify the elements in a given chemical formula
� (6-8) identify mixtures as combinations of materials not chemically joined
� (6) recognize that solutions are mixtures
� (6) distinguish between the solute and solvent in a solution
� (8) distinguish different types of mixtures (solutions, colloids, emulsions, and suspensions) from one another based on characteristics
� (8) define solute, solvent, and solution
� (8) identify examples of solutions, colloids, emulsions, and suspensions
� (8) define and distinguish among four types of chemical reactions (redox, synthesis, decomposition, replacement)
� (8) identify the type of reaction represented by a given equation and describe the changes that occurred

6-8 describe atomic structure
� (6) recognize that atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons
� (6) describe the basic model of an atom
� (7) build a model of an atom of a selected element
� (7) identify the 3 major subatomic particles including their charges and locations in the atom
� (7) describe the evolution of atomic models
� (7) determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels for a given element using the Periodic Table

6-8 use the Periodic Table as a resource
� (6) recognize that elements are organized into groups (i.e. metals, gases)
� (6) recognize that elements are represented by symbols
� (6) identify the symbols for common elements
� (7) determine the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels for a given element using the Periodic Table
� (7) classify elements as metals, non-metals, or metalloids
� (7) locate element symbols
� (7/8) use the Periodic Table to identify the family/group to which a specific element belongs and state the element�s general characteristics
� (8) use the Periodic Table to determine reactivity of substances in replacement reactions

6-8 recognize that substances undergo changes of state
� (6) identify 3 states of matter
� (6) identify freezing point and boiling point for water
� (6) define melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation
� (7) describe freezing/boiling point for a substance
� (7) identify different phases of substances
� (7) explain "absolute zero" and state its number

6-8 identify geological features/processes of the earth
� (7) identify continental shelf, continental slope, and abyssal plains
� (8) identify 3 forms of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)
� (8) describe the rock cycle
� (8) identify rocks as mixtures of minerals
� (8) use the hardness scale and scratch test to identify minerals
� (8) identify the major layers of the earth and their characteristics
� (8) distinguish among convergent, divergent, and transverse faults
� (8) define diastrophism
� (8) define subduction and explain how it affects the spreading of the sea floor

6-8 describe types of weathering and erosion
� (8) compare the processes of weathering and erosion
� (8) identify the roles of weathering and erosion in the rock cycle

6-8 describe effects of gravity
� (6/8) distinguish between mass and weight
� (8) recognize that gravitational pull (and weight) vary with the distance between masses

6-8 distinguish among waves, tides, and currents
� (7) identify the parts of a wave
� (7) explain what happens to waves as they approach the shore
� (7) describe causes and directions of deep and surface currents
� (7) explain the influence of the sun and moon on the magnitude of earth�s tides
� (7) identify the cause of tsunamis

6-8 explain the water cycle and water sources
� (8) explain the water cycle
� (8) define ground water, aquifer
� (8) describe water�s unique characteristics that make it necessary for life
� (8) identify some human behaviors that affect water sources

6-8 identify factors that determine weather and climate
� (6) describe how the position of the earth, relative to the sun, causes seasons
� (6) identify the role of the water cycle in climate patterns
� (6) recognize the causes of winds
� (6) identify 3 main types of clouds
� (6) identify the 4 types of precipitation
� (6) describe characteristics of thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes
� (8) describe how climate differs from weather and relate this to major biomes

6-8 identify living and non-living components of different ecosystems
� (6) identify major biomes
� (6) identify major characteristics of biomes
� (6) identify food webs in given biomes
� (7) describe zonation of living things in the ocean
� (7) construct a food web for the ocean off the coast of Maine
� (7) explain how organisms have adapted to salinity, light, temperature, and pressure in their environments
� (8) given a group of conditions (biotic and abiotic), explain food web/energy pyramid
� (8) explain the functions of saprophytes in the environment
� (8) describe the water cycle and its effects on living/non-living components in ecosystems
� (8) summarize the basic characteristics of plants and their place in the energy pyramid
� (8) summarize the abiotic factors that affect the success of organisms

6-8 describe/identify common plants, animals, and relationships within ecosystems
� (7) identify common organisms in the intertidal zone
� (8) define saprophytes

6-8 compare life cycles, structures, and behaviors of different organisms
� (7) describe lifestyles of marine organisms (plankton, nekton, benthos)
� (8) name the 5 kingdoms, identify the defining characteristics and give examples of each kingdom
� (8) define characteristics of chordates and vertebrates
� (8) identify animals classified as vertebrates
� (8) identify major plant groups based on structural and reproductive characteristics
� (8) describe the evolution of plant structure

6-8 describe structures and functions of plant and animal cells
� (6) recognize that all living things are composed of at least one cell
� (6) identify the nucleus as the control center of a cell
� (6) recognize that cells [continually] divide to make more cells for growth and repair
� (7) explain diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
� (7-8) identify major cell organelles and describe their functions
� (7-8) explain how the processes of mitosis and meiosis are used by the cell
� (7-8) summarize the fundamental differences between plant and animal cells
� (8) explain cell theory (history and major tenets)
� (8) compare asexual and sexual reproduction

6-8 describe structures and functions of some body systems
� (6) identify parts and functions of the nervous system
� (6) identify major glands of the endocrine system
� (6-7) identify structures and functions of male and female reproductive systems
� (7) describe changes that occur during puberty
� (7) label major tissues of immune system
� (7) explain how viruses attack the body
� (7) describe an immune response
� (7) explain what happens in an autoimmune disorder
� (8) name and describe the major body systems (as they relate to the evolution of basic body structure)

6-8 explain the influence of heredity, lifestyle, and the environment on the body systems
� (6) identify common effects of drugs on the body
� (6) identify common causes of mutations
� (6) recognize that the traits of an individual are inherited from its biological parents
� (6) recognize that some behavior patterns are inherited while other behavior patterns are learned
� (8) research a specific genetic disorder and describe how it affects an individual�s life
� (8) discuss (based on class research) the individual and social effects of various genetic issues (i.e. selective breeding, cloning, mutations)
� (8) understand that certain lifestyle choices can cause genetic mutations
Top
6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will employ critical thinking while conducting scientific inquiry, clearly communicating ideas and making informed decisions.

Performance Indicators	Assessment Strategies

6-8 use multiple resources to gather information
� (6) research a given topic using at least 3 different types of sources
� (7) research physical, psychological and social impact of the user/abuser of a specific illegal substance
� (8) complete 2 comprehensive research projects that employ the Internet, periodicals, books, and mass media (TV/video/newspaper)
to find information
� (8) use various resources, other than textbooks, to complete assignments

6-8 design and execute a controlled experiment
� (6-8) complete lab activities which determine the hypothesis and design (materials and methods) of an experiment
� (6-8) collect and analyze data from lab activities
� (6-8) formulate conclusions from lab activities
� (6-8) review experimental process and describe what worked well and what didn�t

6-8 identify the factors that influence the validity of a conclusion
� (6) recognize that a valid experiment has only one variable
� (7) critique peers� experimental procedure
� (7) critique results of peers� experiments
� (8) identify factors that might affect the data/outcome of an experiment and describe how the experiment might be affected
Top
6-8 SCIENCE

CONTENT STANDARD

Students will use appropriate tools, equipment and instruments.

Performance Indicators	Assessment Strategies
6-8 follow safety procedures and precautions
� (6-8) demonstrate proper handling of equipment
� (6-8) name and explain use of safety equipment
� (6-8) wear safety glasses when appropriate
� (6-8) observe location of safety equipment including eye wash, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, exits
� (6-8) discuss and observe all safety precautions necessary to an activity
� (6-8) exhibit appropriate and safe behavior/attitude while conducting experiments
� (6-8) explain steps to follow in case of an accident during an experiment

6-8 determine quantities and/or properties of materials through the use of measurement devices, techniques, and/or calculations
� (6-8) determine appropriate tool and/or unit of measurement to use for collecting data
� (6-8) use metric measurement
� (6) calculate volume of liquids, mass, distance, force, pH, weight
� (7) calculate volume of solids (regular and irregular], density, cell identification
� (8) calculate mechanical advantage, efficiency of machines

6-8 create and/or interpret maps, charts, and graphs
� (6-8) collect data, create and interpret graphs and charts using multiple forms of information
� (7-8) use data to generate graphs and charts and interprets them to form conclusions

6-8 demonstrate safe and correct use of measuring devices/indicators such as the following:
� (6) triple-beam balance, litmus paper, pH paper, liquid pH indicators, trundle wheel
� (8) PTC paper, pH meter (?)
� (9) dial thermometer, protractor (?)
[CPLS & LS II] � IKI, Benedict�s solution
[HS IV � BIO] clinometer, hypsometer

6-8 demonstrate safe and correct use of scientific tools and equipment such as the following:
� (6) hot plate
� (7) microscope, van de Graf generator, laboratory equipment (i.e. ring stands)
Top